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More important than popularity measure itself is WHERE the languages are popular. Python is popular in startup ecosystems and professional developers whereas Java only in academic circles and some android developers (who are also gradually switching to Kotlin). So, in terms of "popularity where it matters", Python is in much better position than Java.

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I work as an external examiner as a side gig, and while this is anecdotal, I see most educational institutions around here switch from java to python.

It makes sense too. Python is much more representative of what students will run into in the real world as long as JavaScript retains it current role, and python just might be the best general purpose language you can teach. I can’t think of a problem students can branch off into where python can’t be a good choice, maybe not an excellent choice in all cases but that’s really not the point.

Citation needed

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