There are very few ways to modify Einstein's Equations and still have them make sense. An easy one is to add a constant term. Such a term is known as the Cosmological Constant, and a positive value for it would result in a constant repulsive force between masses regardless of distance. This results in an accelerating expansion of the entire universe, but, with a supremely small value it only becomes noticeable at large scales, where it starts to dominate attractive gravity. This appears to model what we're observed happening with galaxy clusters.

Dark Energy is a hypothesis for explaining why such a very small cosmological constant might exist, suggesting that the universe is permeated with a constant negative energy field. However, the article refers to observational evidence measuring the expansion of the universe, not dark energy. There is no evidence for dark energy as such, and if you listen to colloquia on cosmology, you will hear about the cosmological constant, not dark energy. It is not necessary to hypothesize the existence of negative energy particles to model what we've observed, and you'll only really hear the term used in the popular press because it sounds sexy.