I don't think CBT has an analogue to The Work's latter two questions. I don't know whether these questions have additional value, but one advantage of The Work might be that you can just buy the book and practice it on your own. CBT seems to be hard to do alone due to a dearth of quality resources for self-study.
The Work was invented by a woman named Byron Katie who used to be a real estate agent and claims to have solved her own alcoholism and overeating with it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byron_Katie
Notably CBT doesn't work for everybody (perhaps because if you can't convince yourself that your original negative belief was wrong, it's probably going to keep bothering you).