Don't see how an academic background would help you avoid this it's a skill you're far more likely to learn through practical experience. I don't see bootcampers as being particularly vulnerable to these gaps in knowledge.

My experience in learning computing in school was going through large months long projects where later stages built on early stages but the entire project was throughly documented and paint by Numbers so long as you followed the directions exactly. If you came up with a valid but undocumented solution you would break the assumptions of the documentation and forever be hacking the program to get it to work which was still possible just time consuming and nobody knew how to help you. The end result is students who can follow docs without fucking up but who also don't know how to fix things other than by rolling back to a known good version.

I've found these sorts of problems to be very difficult to solve in academics due to the need to standardize assignments and grading yet a few months doing an original project will infuse you with troubleshooting mojo.