Edit: Updated to clarify that quarantine is about potential and not actual infection.
The original usage was specifically when ships were required to stay in port for 40 days before being allowed to dock, so that any sickness could burn itself out or be apparent.
You can also see the CDC definition - https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/index.html
Ie, whole towns under _cordon sanitaire_.
The Wikipedia article for cordon sanitaire [1] mentions quarantine as an alternative way to handle disease spread.
> Public health specialists have included cordon sanitaire along with quarantine and medical isolation as "nonpharmaceutical interventions" designed to prevent the transmission of microbial pathogens through social distancing.