Jumping cold out of your couch/chair and sprinting 5 seconds every hour, multiple times a day, sounds to me like an optimized 'quickly destroy most of your body joints' routine.
(couldn't resist. I actually didn't know " ("double prime") could mean seconds.)
I can't imagine going full send with no warm up and not suffering some sort of issue after stopping.
You're not going to get sick.
This paper says cycling - I’d be inclined to agree. Obviously that’s a barrier to entry, because you’d want an indoor stationary bike. On low resistance settings the risk of injury would be very low coming in cold.