What's extra frustrating is that Google does control the OS for Android, but they don't use that to make TCP better.
Things they could do:
a) enable MTU blackhole probing, so people behind dumb networks can talk to servers that don't artificially reduce MSS. Apple has a pretty agressive implementation of MTU probing, and it's very effective.
b) put in hooks for userspace congestion control. Make sending faster (or not) with updates from Google Play services (or whatever)
c) the article mentions sending fewer acks. That could probably be done in TCP too --- it makes sense to make that a setting that they could roll out.
d) some sort of name and shame program for bad networks / bad network devices. It's 2020 and people running PPPoE and sending MSS 1480 when it's really 1472 should be ashamed of themselves, but big companies just set their servers to MSS 1460 and call it a day. :(