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Mr. Burns : Absolutely! Who could forget such a monstrous visage? She has the sloping brow and cranial bumpage of the career criminal.

Waylon Smithers : Uh, Sir? Phrenology was dismissed as quackery 160 years ago.

Mr. Burns : Of course you'd say that... you have the brainpan of a stagecoach tilter!

There is also the, rather terrifying, concept of focus from Vernon Vinge's Deepness in the Sky where brains are modified to turn people into intelligent single-purpose appliances/microservices:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Deepness_in_the_Sky

You can view angels as intelligent (micro)services, so that concept is much older.

Asimov's short novel "Profession" might be an interesting read.

A more accurate ASVAB?

I smell a DoD grant in the making!

Probably less, but with better UX.