It would be a perfect implementation of nudge theory: their heavily subsidized gasoline and road infrastructure would still cost the same, they would have the convenience of carport to traffic jam to parking lot travel.
In my country drivers are very heavily taxed and it's not obvious where the money goes; biggest infrastructure projects are rail.
Unfortunately cars are often the only pragmatic option for commute and other travel in non-urban areas.
Encourage urban living, not suburban. You can go entirely rural, or high density urban.
Imagine walking around with an extra 1000Kg of clothes on me powered by fuel extracted from a dictatorship half-way across the world. I'd say the exhaust is only the beginning of the full cost I should fairly be charged.