Yes there is discrimination but India is fighting it on policy and social level. Reserving 50% in education and jobs is one such big step. India's constitution was written by a a Dalit. Many people from the held high offices. Current prime minister and president are from the same community.
> Suffice to say, the US does engage in extensive aff action in education and hiring (although neither are directly legally mandated).
Is it measured? If not than how you know?