USSR ceased to be a political entity in 1991, but that nitpick aside, it
still happens in Russia. It's not ubiquitous but it's not rare - about 20% of schools
> There were 13,100 double shift and 75 triple shift schools in 2007–2008
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Russia
There's a UNESCO report on double shift shcools
> In South Africa and Namibia, double-shift schooling is called ‘platooning’ – a term which echoes a usage in the USA dating from 1920 (Kleinhans, 2002: 10).
> In Zimbabwe, double-session schooling is also called ‘hot seating’ because the school seats are said never to have time to cool down
> Double-shift schooling is most common in poor countries. Financial pressures in these countries are so severe that administrators are forced to investigate all ways to minimize costs. But all administrators wish to maximize cost-effectiveness. For this reason, double shifts are also used in relatively prosperous countries such as Brazil
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000163606