You can. Gmail and Migadu both support IPv6:
aspmx.l.google.com. 293 IN AAAA 2a00:1450:400c:c07::1b
aspmx1.migadu.com. 600 IN AAAA 2001:41d0:2:4a6f::
IP blacklists are possible for IPv6 based email. I have heard many work by blacklisting the /64 or bigger subnet. Sometimes also adjacent subnets.Perhaps with SPF+DKIM and other measures we will be able to rely less and less on IP reputation anyway?