Production implementations of persistent data structures in an industrial VM plus abstractions for state management, polymorphism, concurrency, the sequence abstraction, etc... It just gives more things for day-to-day programming. While Scheme gives you good foundations, you have to build a lot stuff yourself, it's too primitive (haven't follow Scheme since R5RS). But it's really mostly about the literal data structures and leveraging them anywhere you can to represent information, it's maps everywhere. Data oriented solutions is the common term use in the community. This answer by one the Clojure maintainers sums it up better than me:
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25377022Racket extends Scheme with useful stuff too for everyday programming but Clojure's immutable data structures with its big library of functions for manipulating them in a nice abstract generic way, with the fact that in runs in the JVM gives it a big edge for "real world" programming IMO. You do need strong knowledge of Java and the JVM for critical services.
Almost all your knowledge of Racket and Scheme will transfer and be valuable for Clojure, so you already know most of it and have a big head start if you plan to learn it.