The problem here is confounding. Do we think there are no causes of fatherlessness that are also causes of poorer life outcomes (hint: there are plenty). Given this it's very hard to see clearly how much impact this makes, all the personal anecdotes here notwithstanding.

If it's any comfort, you can have a father and still become "fatherless", or better off without one.

Do you want the actual answer or are you trying to make a point with a rhetorical question you assume you know the answer to?

My understanding, from a long-ago report which I cannot find, was that the children of lesbian couples do better than average: higher college admission rates, lower prison rates. It was thought that the relative difficulty of having children as a lesbian couple (including, in the case of adoption, which is understandably more prevalent among such couples, state approval) means that they're better prepared for child-rearing.

> Are men raised by lesbians entering the prison system at the same rate as men raised by single mothers?

Now that is a question that researchers won't ask nor tell.

Not enough data yet, as that's a recent thing.

it's depressing how your comment feels so insightful instead of just plainly obvious.