Kind of? Doesn't Flattr have you choose up front how you want to distribute your subscription? I was imagining a system where you don't have an upfront choice to make, but that as you consume content the subscription is drawn down.
The difference between this and a micropayment platform would be the fees. In the toll system, the fees are paid once. With a micropayment platform, the fees would be per transaction.
There can be a "self hosted" version of such a platform that say each content-provider can host but I am not sure it will work out against the cost of maintaining it includes much more than just hosting (securty, auditing, refunds, taxes etc).