There's three phases of a trade: execution (handled by a broker), clearing (sometimes handled by the broker, otherwise handled by clearing firms like apex clearing or jp morgan clearing among others) and settlement (almost always DTC for US equities).

Clearing and settlement involve counterparty risk - if a brokerage can't hand over the money come settlement, the settlement firm may be on the hook. The risk of this is proportional to volatility. Due to high volatility, DTC increased its settlement costs. This isn't usually a big deal to a clearing firm or a brokerage because retail brokers don't usually have huge exposure to a single equity.

My bet is with the entire world suddenly memed into buying GME, settlement for retail brokers suddenly became very expensive and there wasn't an existing mechanism to pass on this cost down the chain, so halting orders was the only option on short notice.