This is a lithium-ion battery. About half of the technologies cited as "replacements" for Li-ion are actually different Li-ion chemistries. Cf. Li-S, "graphene", "nanowire", "solid-state batteries", etc.

Sodium-sulfur batteries are in production currently and can compete on density with Li-ion, but lithium is cheaper and the cost trend is expanding the gap. Silver oxide likewise (silver is expensive!). We do have alternatives, but we don't have good reasons to use them.

No