macOS is definitely less secure than iOS.
You literally can't do a whole host of things on an iOS device without first jailbreaking it. Things which you can do on macOS by default.
Apple has added some limitations to macOS that do similar in the past few years (namely expanding the oversight of "Gatekeeper"), but it is still allows far more behaviors than an iOS device does.
A system with a smaller attack surface (made by the same company with fairly consistent engineering practices) is more secure. That is the assumption I am making here.