PWC's summary on Swiss tax system includes 2 of the cantonal tax systems: https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/switzerland/individual/taxes-on...
India does not have state income taxes, but they had wide variation with respect to state indirect taxes (which was eliminated in 2017 and replaced with a standardized federally-run GST), and the states are still free to impose more than a dozen other taxes, including land-use taxes, including a number of taxes not levied anywhere else in the world, such as agricultural estate taxes.
Canada's provinces have their own property tax and income tax rates (for example, compare Alberta, Sasketchewan, Quebec, and British Columbia rates), and generally also set their own PST rates (provincial sales tax, when combined with federal GST it is referred to as HST).