We recently wrote a commentary describing how to share biological data and describing some of the specialist and generalist repositories where one might do so:
https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1873-3468.1...
https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1873-3468.1...
All I have found is ScienceVerse [1] that aims to develop a syntax/"a Grammar of Science"
I recommend these article for discussions of how to share when you can't share all your raw data publicly because of participant privacy:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2766-y (I am a co-author)
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41576-020-0257-5
There's some more discussion in the article linked in the parent to but it's mostly not about that.