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Think of systems thinking as an alternative to the analytic approach (break the problem apart and solve the pieces) for scenarios where that doesn't work - DM's book is meant to teach the basics of that approach. It's not designed to give you all the tools needed to solve these problems - for that, you'll need to pick up a couple of books on nonlinear dynamics if you're wanting formal modelling, or just wade in and try to think in systems terms if you're working in a more intuitive environment.

I really like Sterman's book. I think the top comment really nailed the challenge with this approach - it's very difficult to identify the components of a system.

I used this modeling approach quite a bit for a few years - my struggle was trying to quantify casual relationships. This is non-trivial (in so many different fields), which makes it really hard to have a reliable System Dynamics model.

I think your intro about covers it, it's a great intro book, not an exhaustive compendium. I certainly found it useful for my mental modelling and world views. YMMV!