You or me would sell stock and pay taxes.
He borrows against the shares, which keeps his votes while cashing out non-taxable income.
He borrows against the shares, which keeps his votes while cashing out non-taxable income.
Or get sneaky and attempt other "creative" legally questionable solutions, like having an entity you control buy that debt from the bank and hold it while giving you a 0% rate, or something similar.
The bank doesn't just sit on those shares, they use them to generate money for themselves. For example, say the Bank takes $250M in Amazon shares from Bezos and loans him $1B. If the bank projects that the price of Amazon is going down, they short that $250M in shares.
If Bezos did need to pay off one bank, he just borrows from another.
Also, while it's called a loan, think of it more like a credit line.