>> I wonder how advanced technology would be today if the Greeks realised the potential of this mechanism at the time.
I'm pretty sure they did, at least the ones that were aware of it- otherwise, why would they make it?
>> * 200 AD: the industrial revolution.
>> * 300 AD: cars, the radio.
>> etc.
Yes, but why? Why would the ancients want to start the industrial revolution in their time, and what tells us that cars and the radio would inevitably follow suit? Maybe the fact that they didn't start an industrial revolution should tell us that their goals did not align with the goals of the era of the industrial revolution.
As to technological discoveries taking a predetermined path, one after the other, exactly in the order in which they happened in our times, there's no reason to assume this. How do we know what obvious things we haven't invented yet that are well within our technological capabilities but we simply haven't thought of? Everything is pretty obvious with hindsight and with enough obviousness everything looks inevitable, but in reality nothing is.
Here's my favourite example: the Australian aborigines invented the airfoil many millennia befor the Wright brothers. They could have at least made gliders to swoop down upon prey from above. They never did. Why?
Because who knows how ancient people thought? All we know is that they thought not exactly as we do, and so they did things different than us. There's every reason to suspect that the ancients would have done things differently: they did.
Edit: Oh. Wait. Was that a "whoosh" sound far above my head?