If a system does not work for the population it is intended for, who is to blame? The population, or the system?

It does not matter. In any case, to make it work, you need to change either the system or the population. I am quite sure that changing the population is not realistic at all.

Note that this leaves aside the concrete issue, in which I believe that the blame rests mostly on the system, which failed to understand the motivation of people. It does not matter, though (see above).