I'm pretty sure Google currently uses an async ping https://www.w3schools.com/tags/att_a_ping.asp) instead of a redirect to log what's been clicked. It's been a very long time (if ever?) since they didn't have result click logging at all.
Indeed, I didn't know about the ping attribute. However, you will see they still do click tracking on the google image results for example.
And if you check this article from 2013, you will see that they had it back then (I'm not sure when they removed it): https://chainsawonatireswing.com/2013/03/20/how-to-disable-g...