Apparently this satellite (the Sentinel-5p) has a 7 x 7km resolution. [1] There are other satellites with much higher resolution that might be used to narrow it down, and more launching soon.
The Wikipedia pages claims that pictures are taken every second but I am not sure how that translates to image density on the ground.
There is a lot of work done to try and reverse advect plumes using tropospheric wind data... But it's not an easy problem