> The main problem with the article is that all the vaccines are approved after a RCT were the vaccine is compared to a placebo

The author talks about effectiveness wrt mortality rates. No statistically significant difference was found during RCTs:

> During the blinded, controlled period, 15 BNT162b2 and 14 placebo recipients died

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.28.21261159v...