Would be great to have a resource written like this that covers the rest of maths, (or in fact jargon in general).
Not knowing precisely which definition you need for an application or which one you need for a proof to hold is essential for progress.
Math doesn't make up "jargon" for no reason. The names are to denote to professionals the least needed elements to make something true.
i.e. Mitochondria->PowerHouseOfTheCell