You're right as it probably won't work well with MUI [0] (formerly React Material) and similar options like Ant [1]. But they all accept a theme provider that could hook in to the Tailwind config. Never tried it though.
But a swell of less opinionated offerings [2] [3] [4] (more and more the popular anyways) work well with Tailwind. In fact, when writing your own libs, exposing a className prop makes them painlessly customisable.
0 - https://mui.com
2 - https://www.radix-ui.com/docs/primitives/overview/styling