> The core research curriculum of nearly every scientific field I’ve seen, STEM or otherwise, is that the data needed for replication are non-negotiable. A paper that doesn’t include it would be table rejected by any editor. Or one would hope. This is taught at the UNDERgraduate level, for heaven’s sake.

This may vary based on discipline, but in both the subdisciplines of experimental and theoretical physics I was involved in: No - very few will provide the data/derivation. My professors were very open about this: They don't want to lose their competitive edge. Almost no experimentalist I knew could take papers from his/her field and reproduce the results, because the papers lacked enough detail to do so. They would mention a technique, but there are lots and lots of nuances involved when building equipment to carry out the technique[1], and these are intentionally excluded. It's unlikely you'll be able to build the equipment the same way the original authors would.

[1] Most experimental physics involves building your own equipment, or at the least modifying existing equipment.