not surprising because eating properly plant-based can be challenging, especially in old age which is less forgiving. Eating animals is a decent hedge. But my money is where my mouth is that my proper plant-based diet will win out.
The only real consistency is that eating loads of processed food (think chips/soda) is strongly correlated with health issues.
Look up Nutrigenomics to understand more, But a great example is changes in the FADS genes and how they impact the intake of long and short chain Omega 3s
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/6/758
Unless they are testing people with the same genetics, a meat versus plant diet will continue to result in different outcomes.
This study is just a prospective cohort study, not a gold standard RCT or anything close to it.
Also just one region in one country. How do you extraplote that globally?