When you have someone deliberately setting fires and blocking the escape routes with a knife, you have bigger problems than just one stairwell.
When you have someone deliberately setting fires and blocking the escape routes with a knife, you have bigger problems than just one stairwell.
The software world is well versed in the concept of a single point of failure, and the importance of eliminating it and mitigating any chance.
And yet here we are downplaying a critical design problem because it was a single point of failure?
A "crazy trap-setting knifeman attack" is not the only scenario that results in a blocked exit trapping people inside the building in a life-threatening situation. Think about it for a second. Imagine, for instance, that a fire breaks out for any reason. Is this unthinkable? And how do you factor in emergency response personnel trying to go up the same stairs that are the only way out of people trapped in the building?
We should not forget past lessons for no reason.
Yes, past lessons should be remembered but it looks like there is no data that would support building double staircases in reality - it's just too rare of a problem. Same reason why almost nowhere in the world requires outside fire exits like many buildings in NYC do - they are great in idea and I'm sure there are examples of them saving lives, but it's not worth making them a requirement for every building ever made.
Keep in mind that the bread and butter of engineering is "extremely rare circumstances".
In civil engineering, infrastructure is designed with 100 year floods and 50 year seismic events in mind.
Blocking the only exit does not come even close to be a rare event.
Part of modern US stairwell regulation also learned from 9/11, where they found out it wasn't a great idea to have all the required stairwells very close to each other either.
That’s a whole lot better than 1 stairwell!
Anyway. Most of the world does not go up in flames regularly, despite having not having this regulation.
Some folks would get stuck and not get out, but it generally requires dedicated eyes on a crowd if you want to keep them inside something for any length of time. Hence prison guards, locks being a dedicated profession, etc.
Let's say a lot of them are garbage and you only hear about the rare occasions it works. Let's say 10% of the time the fire is good enough to kill.
Two stair wells means only 1% of the time you get a kill.
Lighting two fires is also harder, you need more planning and stuff. So that probably equals out a bit for the better fire lighters.
If it's Mossad doing it then sure it's possibly similar.
Don't really need to be an expert in starting fires.
Certainly not impossible, but it requires more craftiness and more prep the more complicated we get.
Which hopefully there aren’t that many folks who are likely to do so. And if someone does, we can catch them fast.
Basic redundancy is a good idea (n=2) in general, for many many reasons. Maintenance doesn’t take out the only way out for instance, or a single fight or accident doesn’t leave someone stuck.
N=5 is probably overkill for anything for a huge convention center.