Classical roguelikes have bones/ghosts mechanic, which is progression-lite.
Multiplayer DCSS servers even have multiplayer bones - you can meet and fight ghosts of other players' deaths.
Anyway, I only play nethack on public servers or using the nethack hearse tool, so I don't 'progress' by using my own bones files. Maybe if you play purely locally, you can view your own bones files as a form of progression.
(That's assuming you don't do some degenerate play like get a bunch of loot, run back to level 2, and die purposefully. At that point you might as well savescum.)
In most games bones also represent a significant risk. The ghosts fight you, the items come cursed, etc.