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It still can happen that somebody dies during one of such future trials. I think that this possibility should be accepted if it is for gaining important knowledge about deadly virus but these studies should be very well prepare and vetted that they really will provide this information and will be not for nothing.

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Yes, as the trial size increases, i think the probability of a patient dying due to the challenge approaches 1.

With regards to trials and deaths, I used to work in gene therapy and the entire field more or less stopped for 20 years when a single patient (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Gelsinger) died in a trial. However, in most large trials, there will always be a few deaths that woudln't have occurred without the treatment (or challenge).

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