As far as examples for 2/3, Google is a common source. Lots of their papers report on experiments conducted with: 1) massive-scale proprietary data; and 2) using proprietary infrastructure. They do sometimes share data, but often don't, and in cases where they don't, there is not always equivalent publicly available data (especially of anywhere near the same size). And I would suspect that sharing the code is right out for a lot of cases; if they're writing a paper on improving an aspect of Google Translate (which they do fairly regularly), they aren't going to send the entire source code to GT to a committee.