P values are, effectively, the probability of a result occurring because of a process. These p values are overwhelming evidence that the result did not occur because of the process described in the study.
That does not mean fraud (although, I stress, in this case I can see why it is probably fraud). For example, maybe the study is done in some sort of hospital with some sort of patient scheduling system and the front desk is playing a funny joke on the doctors in this study. It is quite common for experimenters to not be as much in control of their environment as a paper suggests - that would be an honest reason for why the data is weird.
In a more plausible example - I don't know how "matching" works, but maybe the patients were matched, the report writer didn't know that and the sentence slipped through proofreading. Unlikely, but certainly possible. That mistake would happen in the wild from time to time.
You don't need much imagination to find examples other than fraud. Although it does take a little imagination, which is concerning. But, frankly, there should almost always be an attempt at dialog with someone before accusing them publicly of being a fraud. Unless they're going to shoot you or something extreme.