Thanks for taking the time to read it! To address your concerns:
1. To give you an idea of the speed improvements, we transferred a 2GB file between Ohio and Singapore on AWS and were able to transfer it in 0:26 (seconds) using our protocol, vs 2:15 for SCP.
2. The basis for improvement is taking into account the changes in round-trip-time for a particular network path; these temporary increases are used as the primary congestion signal.
We are not using error correcting codes, which are good for preventing the retransmission of packets but do not address the underlying problem of avoiding congestion in a network.