All of your comparisons assume that bikes and cars are the same, but they're not. A car weighs thousands of pounds, it has less visibility/manoeuvrability and goes much faster than a bicycle. The risk and responsibility with a car is much greater than a bicycle.

The reason why cyclists use the road is because it's often the only option. Even when there are bike lanes, many times they're right next to parked cars (dangerous), or cluttered with trash bins, garbage, or whatever else.