C# does have a thread pool that you can use with async/await with multiple threads but that would be different from a UI thread or its synchronization context.
It's also my understanding that if you stick to async/await and don't create your own tasks, the synchronization context will be the one of the UI thread thus never run in parallel. However, this doesn't prevent you from doing so.
At some point you realize that explicit continuation passing, threads, coroutines and async/await are all the same thing, and the only thing that async/await gives you is a static bound on your suspended stack size (by enforcing suspension of a single activation frame).