I'm skeptical of most of it too, but that's because there's a lot of competing methods, and probably no one of them is best.
The best summary I've seen is this: https://spyderdoc.substack.com/p/doctors-heart-series-part-6...
Because it is a fantastic summary by a medical doctor that is becoming personally convinced. It presents an overarching narrative of two bodily systems that cannot very well operate at the same time, the second of which operates during periods of fasting because (in part) of the reduction in insulin, which essentially "triggers" the competing, de-facto mechanism.
You probably guessed it, but the autophagy-inducing bit happens as part of that second, insulin-supressed process.
He advocates a 3-day water-only fast once a month (for himself). I personally switched to a one-meal-a-day plan for 3-4 days a week, and am trying to build up to 3 day fasts 1/m.
I also have this link saved for some reason: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S155041311...
What clicked for me recently was the insulin story. Keto, 8/16, multi-day fasting, etc all seem to be tied together under the "reduce time spent with floods of insulin" theme. It wouldn't surprise me if any of them are fine, and advocates of "the one true IF" are just being territorial.