That evening, when I got home, he and I made eye contact as soon as I opened the door. He immediately slunk off out of view. I then informed my roommates about what happened, and they of course scolded the dog.
What is undeniable to me is that the dog felt shame. He knew he had done wrong. I could see it in his body language and behavior - he knew it when he saw me when I got home, and he knew it when my roommates were scolding him (Verbally only.)
When you think about it, though, it shouldn't be a surprise that pack animals would experience shame. That emotion would help maintain the pack hierarchy.
I think that incident, by the way, is what established me as a pack-leader to the dog. I was new, and I don't think he automatically assumed I had authority. I miss that dog, too. He was one of the most openly affectionate dogs I've ever had the pleasure of being around.