Since the income from the central bank's interest is paid out to the people (and vice versa, negative interest will be passed as debt), the challenge seems like finding the correct ratio to increase GDP: inflation and interest income. New money is only generated through loans, so if I understand this correctly, one should strive to have high interest rates?
edit: After tweaking my strategy a bit to try to keep interest rates as high as possible without closing any business, I got to 443647.
edit: up to 444823