Page 189 of Paul Graham's "On Lisp" [1] introduces for the first time such a function. At least that is what I remember, and also what Wiki [2] seems to say.

[1] http://ep.yimg.com/ty/cdn/paulgraham/onlisp.pdf

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphoric_macro

Neither did I and so I searched for it and got prompted to post this offtopic reply (hopefully interesting for future debates on search engines.)

I looked for anaphoric functions elisp on both DDD and Google. I believe that DDD uses Bing so TL;DR: Bing is not good at searching stuff, only basic queries. After maybe a couple of years of DDD I intuitively knew that I would have had to ask that question to Google.