I think what I meant to say is that sometimes even telemetry and logging is unavailable to you. In my example, you might ask for more dumps for your Windows component or Microsoft first-party app on Watson Portal / Get More Data, but even after a few days of waiting you don't get any more, or only one more, because the issue occurs in the wild too rarely to show up in telemetry, or repros often but doesn't reliably produce a useful dump.

As an aside, if you are a third-party Windows application developer, I highly recommend you register your apps with the Windows Desktop Application Program: https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/win32/appxpkg/windows-des... - this will give you access to the same app reliability telemetry, including user-mode crash dumps (.DMP / .CAB files), that Microsoft has. This is only the latest of several iterations of this data access over the years, but it and its predecessors are still badly underused in my non-Microsoft experience.