Analog synths, at least, just won't sound right if components get swapped. The TR-808 was discontinued, and replaced with the 909, because a critical component went out of production, and it wasn't possible to deliver the sound without it.
It's the difference between a wood shortage for a cabinetmaker and for a luthier. A cabinetmaker can use mahogany where he would use ebony, a luthier is out of business if she can't get certain woods until she can again.
This could be totally inapplicable to modern synths? I wouldn't bet on it though.
I think this is true in some cases for particular analog synths. But my impression is that most synths aren't using unobtainium chips like this. I think you generally can redesign the circuit using alternate components and get to a fairly close sound. But that redesign process is iterative and time-consuming.
By analogy, imagine there a shortage in "compiler invocations". You have a giant program written in one language, but you can't run a compiler on it. Could you port it to another language without a shortage? Sure, but it's a ton of work, and if you end up in another language that has its own compiler invocation shortage, you're no better off.
I learned the other day there are people who’s job is to troll antique shops and other related places looking for old furniture to turn into tone wood for the luthiers.
It's honestly not that dissimilar to how industrial equipment can cause huge revenue effects from a failure due to lost productivity.