Once the rider is thrown off the motorcycle, the motorcycle will eventually crash, imparting force onto the phone while it is still attached to the motorcycle.
If the phone is in the pocket of the rider at the time of accident, this can be detected using the proximity sensor or nominal accelerometer data crosschecked with GPS velocity, or even capacitive sensing.
EDIT: There are only three possible states before the crash. Either the phone is in the rider's pocket, or it is mounted to the vehicle, or it is held in the user's hand. If the phone is in the rider's pocket, it is going to stay there until the rider feels a strong impact. If the phone is in the rider's hand, then the phone should turn this off completely because it's far more likely to slip. If the phone is attached to the vehicle, it should only register a crash if it begins simultaneously with the phone being disconnected to the vehicle (if it is to begin with).
The fact that the three may be separated is irrelevant, because they will be separated after the crash begins. As long as the phone mount is sturdy enough not to separate under normal conditions, this is fine. If it is not, then a false positive is much more likely than a true positive. And a crash sensor with more false positives than true positives is actively harmful.
This only applies to two wheeled vehicles, obviously. For four wheeled vehicles, the way it's working right now is fine. It is pretty trivial for a phone to make the difference between a car and a bike.