I wasn't implying that more redistribution would create more altruistic citizens, but that a more redistributive society (or any departure from the status quo, really) might alter the behavioral incentives that exist today. The desire to "get ahead at all costs" doesn't exist because Americans simply love hard work and competition - it's a result of social + economic incentives. If you reduce the "cost" of not constantly striving (for example: improve the social safety net, the average American's work-life balance, etc.), those incentives shift.

We seem fairly well-insulated against the reality of the "Average American's" life here on HN, but it's not as comfortable as US GDP-per-capita might suggest. The way out of stressful financial insecurity, at least for most Americans, is the (necessarily) selfish pursuit of individual advancement. Likely no one will fault a low-level employee competing for a promotion that would enable them to afford a more reliable car, however Machiavellian their approach, but those same tendencies will look very different when exhibited by someone with a 9-figure net worth.

I don't think today's "greedy assholes" are anything more than people responding to existing incentives. You want fewer greedy assholes? De-incentivize being a greedy asshole.