These are pretty confident, extremely sweeping claims. I don’t think societal level forces can be so easily reduced.
Which of the 3 would be best described as an imperial nationalist?
- USSR voluntarily disbanded. Moskow currently can't even assert military dominance over the Ukraine. Sole claim to global relevancy for Moscow is the soviet era nuclear arsenal.
- China might practically be able to invade a small island off their coastline, but it isn't obvious that they could tolerate the backlash. The quality of their army is largely unknown because they haven't used it seriously in decades.
- US has flattened multiple Middle Eastern countries in the last few decades, the world meets in New York to conduct diplomacy regardless and barely makes an issue of this. Has had a comparable number of soldiers stationed in Germany to the German army (at least it did recently, I think that changed under either Trump or Biden). The US dollar is used for international trade and the people who move off it get invaded for unrelated reasons. Technically they did voluntarily shrink their empire too though, because of that business with the Phillipines, but they are still the undisputed military hegemon and set the pace of global affairs. By far the most invasive worldwide spy network.
Now this may well be a good state of affairs but the parliamentary democracy is not the timid and delicate flower in this picture. It is the most imperialist of the 3, by far. I can speak in sweeping generalisations because this is a big, obvious and hard to miss state of affairs.
Democracies are just more effective than dictators at building and maintaining an empire.
That's a stretch. Several of the constituent republics declared independence prior to the final dissolution, and these were militarily (if ineffectually) contested. The final dissolution itself was instigated by a failed coup that saw the Soviet president lose all political capital in favor of the Russian president.
> Sole claim to global relevancy for Moscow is the soviet era nuclear arsenal.
They retain a permanent, veto-wielding seat on the UN Security Council. They are one of the largest suppliers of troops to foreign countries--I believe the largest if you exclude those countries who would get squeamish about raping the local civilian populace or the like. Again, one of the largest supplies of arms to other countries, and you have only to look at UN resolutions to confirm that that does convey an amount of soft power. They are also one of the largest energy exporters in the world, and (with German acquiescence) that has given them a noose tied around Europe's neck that may prove painful indeed in the 2023-2024 winter.
> The US dollar is used for international trade and the people who move off it get invaded for unrelated reasons.
Who? Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Iran haven't been invaded... Oh right, you're talking about those countries which didn't move off of it but talked about it like once a decade before the unrelated invasion.
A dictatorship just couldn't sustain a global empire the way a democracy like the US does (or the British before them). Dictatorships don't have the economic and military nous. If Russia wanted to win more wars it'd need to use a political system more like the US's - China too.
Fun fact: I didn't actually know what nationalism meant before today's article so I looked it up in Wikipedia. The definition is something like "nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation".
Of the 3 countries, one of them is currently engaged in a war which is explicitly about achieving its imperial ambitions, which is actually the fourth or fifth such war (depends on what you consider separate wars) it has conducted in my lifetime. Instead, you have picked one of the two countries that has yet to conduct one such war in my lifetime (the invasion of Panama was before I was born).
> They are struggling mightily to promote their interests abroad because of all the US bases people keep tripping over, and US-based systems of global governance. Their armies are struggling to move more than a few hundred kilometres from the borders that the US recognises. The US military goes where it wants and does what it wants.
If you're focusing on the results of attempted wars, even classifying all US military actions in recent decades as imperialistic wars (which is a mistake), you'll find that the US has been less successful than even Russia (which is actually 3-for-5 in its recent wars). The idea that the US (/US-allied) bases are deterring Chinese and Russian influence is also pretty laughable--see, for example, Mali, Djibouti, Solomon Islands for things I can think of the top of the head.
> A dictatorship just couldn't sustain a global empire the way a democracy like the US does (or the British before them).
The Roman Empire lasted about 270 years as a dictatorship, which is longer than the combined British/US hegemony [1], even if you take the charitable view that the period of British global hegemony starts from the end of the Seven Years' War. Of course, individually, our two model democracies each don't manage to last 100 years before fissures in their hegemony appear.
> If Russia wanted to win more wars it'd need to use a political system more like the US's
Why should Russia learn from a country that has a worse win rate than it? The US hasn't been successful in its recent military escapades, whereas Russia has had moderate success.
[1] The US does not have an empire, it has a hegemony. Yes, there is a difference, and it matters.
So what, if Russia was asserting hegemony over Ukraine instead of a Special Military Operation that'd be cool? Or is it more that the US invasion of Iraq was seceretly welcomed by Iraqis because the US was only invading hegemonically rather than imperialistically?
If I were going to chose who is in charge I'd much rather have Americans because they tend to be competent. But sending in the army is sending in the army, and starting a war is starting a war.
> Of the 3 countries, one of them is currently engaged in a war which is explicitly about achieving its imperial ambitions, which is actually the fourth or fifth such war (depends on what you consider separate wars) it has conducted in my lifetime...
You must be what, in your 20s? Late teens?
If you were over 30 you'd note that Russia's progress on imperial ambitions have undergone a startling shrinkage. It isn't feasible for them to reform to their 1989 expanse and nobody is claiming they can. You'll note Putin's justifications spend a lot of time talking about NATO.
I haven't seen any evidence of 'imperial ambition' more serious than my ambitions to become King of Everything. Sure they'd like that outcome, they don't have a plan to get to it. There recent activity looks a lot more like desperate panic from being hemmed in by NATO. That is what makes sense from the sidelines, justifies the mobilisation a lot better and it lines up with what the Russians are saying.
Which is why Russia is embarking a course of action that directly precipitated a neighboring country and a near-neighboring country to join NATO, and if the war achieved Russia's full aims, would have increased the number of NATO countries by another three countries (Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania are all NATO). It also turned down a peace deal early in the war where Ukraine would have permanently forsworn NATO membership. More recently, the sham annexations of Ukrainian territory are hard to square with any claims that it's all about NATO.
Except it doesn't. Before the invasion in 2014, Ukraine's chances to join NATO were mostly nonexistent. Now Sweden and Finland are joining and Ukraine will likely join too once it successfully defends itself and ends the war, all thanks to Putin.
At the time, the Philippines had the same status as Hawaii. Hawaii was a non-state during WW2 that became a full state 14 years later, and the Phillippines became independent instead. I wonder who has it better now? Who would like to switch places with the other one?
How exactly imposed? A candidate state needs to hold a referendum in order to ask for statehood status. If the people of the territory don't want to join, nobody will force them to join. It's the other thing that happens: people of a territory want to join and Congress does not grant them statehood. Just ask Puerto Rico.
Is that a fact, or just your conjecture?
All I could find was that in 1940 about 46 thousand people voted in favor of becoming a state, and 22 thousand against. Are you saying there's evidence the native population voted preponderantly against?
In any case, it took 19 years from that referendum until the Congress approved the statehood. There was a final vote in Hawaii to approve the statehood. There were 132 thousand yeses vs 8 thousand nos. Was that a fake vote, like the Russians just did in the occupied territories in Ukraine?
[1] https://guides.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/c.php?g=105252&p=687...
Which ones? As far as I know, US military operations in the Middle East have generally involved very little of anything you could call flattening.
> Coalition bombing raids destroyed Iraqi civilian infrastructure. 11 of Iraq's 20 major power stations and 119 substations were totally destroyed, while a further six major power stations were damaged.[49][50] At the end of the war, electricity production was at four percent of its pre-war levels. Bombs destroyed the utility of all major dams, most major pumping stations, and many sewage treatment plants, telecommunications equipment, port facilities, oil refineries and distribution, railroads and bridges were also destroyed.
Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War_air_campaign
But at least with the Gulf war it’s obvious that the coalition did the right thing, intervening to stop a war of aggression by Iraq.
Not, like, some part of it, but almost all of it.
In all of the Middle-Eastern conflicts, civilian death tolls through direct US action have been very low.
Russia took over half of Europe in WW2 and was horrible to the citizens of those "territories", another empire. They have also invaded Georgia/Ukraine in recent memory.
Give them time, and they'll most likely be able to "flatten[...] multiple Middle Eastern countries," too. They also have something like 4.5 times the population of the US, and have gained the economic characteristics that made the US so powerful after WWII. China is now the "workshop of the world, while the US's manufacturing capacity has withered.
Afghanistan twice, Chechnya twice, keeping Belarus as puppet state and meddling in it for years, trying to same in Ujraine foe years. Still claiming it has right to rule the whole region and decide which alliance other countries enter.
Disbanded because I had to and trying to get it back. Oh, genocide, leveling whole cities to the ground in multiple countries
Russia is as imperial as it gets.