Olympus and Panasonic can take 80–100MP shots by shifting the sensor a small amount and stitching multiple shots together. This can even be done handheld on the newer models. I imagine phones will get this eventually (maybe some do already).
Then there's all the subject detection auto focus available on basically every camera nowadays.
Not sure about the current state of the art but I do know Fuji has had some pretty fancy in-camera processing for years now.
When I was more into photography however it seemed the 'culture' was more into post-processing with computer software for reasons.
And none of those products have nearly the sales of a smartphone to sustain R&D. Similar to how the headphone dongle of an iPhone is much cheaper and yet better quality than most audiophile equipment.
For example, I really like live or motion photos.
Or handheld HDR stacking but they're more able to deal with that.
Also, are you saying you could reproduce any of the on-phone stuff easily on your computer? I’m thinking about the astrophotography modes, portrait modes, live photos, and low light features.