Exchange business models are supposed to be 100% different from banks.
If exchanges are using fractional reserves of any kind or amount, they have already committed fraud.
If exchanges are using fractional reserves of any kind or amount, they have already committed fraud.
It means they have 10% of their deposits held as cash. The remaining 90+% is in liquid marketable securities (usually mortgages and other loans which are freely traded if they need the liquidity)
That is kind of the whole point why we have central bank intermediation and why every country has adopted it.